Calculating is a mathematical process that children learn as their understanding of numbers and counting develops. Through their play, daily experiences and adult support, children start to understand that numbers have a sequence and relate to specific amounts. From there, they can progress to understanding the notion of 'one more' and 'one less' - the basic concept of calculation within the EYFS - before progressing to the more complex concepts of addition and subtraction.
These concepts are grouped together within Problem Solving, Reasoning and Numeracy and expanded upon in the assessment points for the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile (see box).
To engage in and develop an understanding of calculation, children need to extend their mathematical vocabulary for quantity and comparison to include:
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