Children learn effectively by modelling, by rote and via direct teaching, so why bother with play at all? We instinctively know that play is useful, but why? What makes it so special? What separates it from other modes of action? Moyles (1989) says it is the internal, affective quality of play that is important in development: enthusiasm, motivation, willingness to engage. Dewey (1933) made the distinction between this internal, affective quality and play itself by distinguishing between playfulness and play - 'the former is an attitude of mind, the latter is an outward manifestation of this attitude' (p210).
Playfulness also implies freedom and flexibility, both important for learning. Concentrating on playfulness, as an attitude of mind, rather than play, the outward act, may be the most helpful way yet of thinking about this elusive concept and of providing a theoretical basis for implementing a play-based curriculum. So, how do we get to playfulness?
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