The authors of the study, from the Maternal Nutrition Group at the Danish Epidemiology Science Centre and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Skejby University Hospital in Denmark, invited all pregnant women receiving routine ante-natal care in Aarhus, on the east coast, to complete questionnaires in weeks 16 and 30 of pregnancy.
In Denmark, fish is eaten mainly as part of a hot meal, in an open sandwich, or cold in a green salad or pasta salad. The women were asked how often they had eaten fish in these ways, and also taken fish oil as a supplement, since the time they first knew they were pregnant. Seafood such as prawns, crab, roes and mussels could be included. Of the 8,998 women returning the 16th week questionnaire, 8,729 had not consumed fish oil supplements, and the results of the study refer to this restricted group.
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