The defining elements of active learning, the second characteristic of effective learning and teaching identified in the Early Years Foundation Stage review, are set out by Jan Dubiel, national development manager of training and resource centre Early Excellence.

Learning is not a passive procedure; real, significant learning is not something that can be inflicted from the outside or clinically delivered to a recipient. For learning to be successful, for it to have meaning, the learner must participate actively in the process of learning and 'own' what happens. The learner must make sense of it and understand what it means to them as a person. This means taking learning to its limits, defining it and exploring what it means, how it can be used and applied to the every day. This learning - active learning - embeds the skills and knowledge necessary to be successful in the 'real life' of the learner.

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